Lab 8: Database Management and Queries

Boldstad Chapter 8 questions and answers
1. A database management system is a specialized computer program for organizing and manipulating data. It stores the properties of geographic objects and the relationships among the objects. Additionally, a DBMS incorporates a specialized set of software tools for managing tabular data, including those for efficient data storage, retrieval, indexing, and reporting.

2. In a one-to-one relationship, only one record connects to another. In a many-to-one relationship there are several records connect to one other record in a different table.

3. Relational databases prevent redundancy, increase data quality and independence, they create centralized control, and they allow multiple users.

Ormsby Chapter 8 & 9
4a. String data (because it’s left-justified) Also, this can be determined by opening properties of layer and looking at fields (this tells you the data type)

4b. This is also string data

5a. LU_Description, LU_General, LU_Type, Sq. miles, and Acres are the fields that have been joined
5e. Total acres: 92,236.77

Lab 7: Map Design and Text

Chapter 7
1. The information used for dynamic labels is based on layer attributes
2. The most efficient way to show city names for only 3 cities would be to use the label tool. To do this select the label tool and locate the city that you want to label. Click on the city you want to label and a label will automatically appear.
3. Yes, you can manually adjust the position by clicking on the label and moving it using the mouse. You can also right-click on the label and select “nudge object”. Finally, you can move the object by clicking on the label and using the arrow keys to move the label.
4. The select tool
5. Geodatabase and map annotation are the two annotation types

Chapter 18
1. A. true (you can create your own ArcMap templates)
2. Yes
3. One way is to start ArcMap and click the option to use a template, then click OK. Another way is to open a new document and select “template” in the drop-down menu.
4. You would click the symbol for the layer that contains your graphics. Using the symbol selector you can then change the size, symbol, and color.
5. You can select the symbol selector or you can select the fill color in the drawing toolbar.

Chapter 19
1. You should set the page size
2. Because there can be multiple data frames within layout view, you set the scale differently in layout view than in data view.
3. Three customization options for the scale bar include: the units, the number of divisions, and the number of subdivisions
4. It is important to use the 1:1 button to get a full view of how the map will look when it is printed.
5. A graphic added to the data view would track with the data frame when it is moved in layout view. A graphic added to the layout view does not move with the data frame.

Part 2:
1. Choropleth maps classify numerical data into categories and the categories are shaded. This type of map puts visual emphasis on the largest area units of the map.
2. The benefits of layer files are that they allow you to define symbol assignments, classifications, labeling rules, and other map use properties.
3. Layer files include all map display properties for symbolization and labeling. However, layers do not usually contain the actual datasets. A layer package, on the other hand, contains the map layer, a copy of its data, and an SML file that has a brief description of the layer.
4. Population of Long Beach: 461,522
5. Population of Los Angeles: 3,694,820
6. The three types of hyperlinks include:
Document: When you click a feature with the Hyperlink tool, a document or file is launched using the application with which that file type is currently associated.
Uniform resource locator (URL): When you click a feature with the Hyperlink tool, a Web page is launched in the default Web browser.
Macro: When you click a feature with the Hyperlink tool, a value is sent to a macro. This option lets you create customized hyperlink behavior.

Lab 6: Symbolization and Classification

1. Depending on the scale at which you are viewing a map, the map features may appear different. For instance, if you are viewing a map of the United States at a small scale (ex.1 : 2,000,000), then cities may appear as tiny dots on the map. However, if you were to zoom in on a particular city at a large scale (ex. 1:200,000) then the city’s symbol may appear as a large polygon.
2. One way to change the layers symbol colors is by right-clicking the symbol for the layer to open the color palette and changing the color using the color palette. Another way is to right-click the layer and select properties in the drop-down menu. Then click the symbology tab in the layer properties dialog box. Next click the symbol box and change the color there.
3. To access graduated symbols open the layer properties dialog box for a specific layer. Then click the symbology tab and in the show box click quantities.
4. Five other symbology styles include: caves, civic, crime analysis, dimension, and environmental.
5. You would save the layer as a layer file. This allows you to add the layer file to any other map because it references the shapefile.
6. Pyramids help raster data display faster by varying the resolution of the raster dataset depending on the scale that the map is being viewed at. As you zoom in finer resolutions are used and as you zoom out courser resolutions are used. This improves the drawing speed of the raster layers as you zoom in or out.
7. You can click on the layer name in the table of contents and change the name that way.
8. Normalization is an operation by which you divide one attribute by another to find the ratio between them. It is used to calculate density and other measures that are expressed per unit (ex. Per capita income).
9. Dot density maps can be misleading because the dots on the map may lead a person interpreting the map to think that the dots are georeferenced. However, the dots are placed randomly on a map and are not georeferenced.